SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Guerrero, Angela M; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; a.guerrero@uq.edu.au; McAllister, Ryan R. J.; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; ryan.mcallister@csiro.au; Wilson, Kerrie A; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland; k.wilson2@uq.edu.au.

Significant benefits can arise from collaborative forms of governance that foster self-organization and flexibility. Likewise, governance systems that fit with the extent and complexity of the system under management are considered essential to our ability to solve environmental problems. However, from an empirical perspective the fundamental question of whether self-organized (bottom-up) collaborative forms of governance are able to accomplish adequate fit is unresolved. We used new theory and methodological approaches underpinned by interdisciplinary network analysis to address this gap by investigating three governance challenges that relate to the problem of fit: shared management of ecological resources, management of interconnected ecological...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Collaborative governance; Exponential Random Graph Modeling; Networks; Problem of fit; Scales; Social-ecological fit; Social-ecological systems.

Ano: 2015

(Anti-) Coordination in Networks

Kovarik, Jaromir; Mengel, Friederike; Romero, Jose Gabriel.

We study (anti-) coordination problems in networks in a laboratory experiment. Partici- pants interact with their neighbours in a fixed network to play a bilateral (anti-) coordination game. Our main treatment variable is the extent to which players are heterogeneous in the number of connections (neighbors) they have. Other network characteristics are held constant across treatments. We find the following results. Heterogeneity in the number of connections dramatically improves the rate of successful coordination. In addition, even though there is a multiplicity of Nash equilibria theoretically, a very sharp selection is observed empirically: the most connected player can impose her preferred Nash equilibrium almost always and observed Nash equilibria are...

Collective Action and Vulnerability: Burial Societies in Rural Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Game Theory; Networks; Coordination Problems; Experiments; Risk and Uncertainty; C72; C90; C91; D85.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61370

Dercon, Stefan; Hoddinott, John; Krishnan, Pramila; Woldehanna, Tassew.

Collective action can help individuals, groups, and communities achieve common goals, thus contributing to poverty reduction. Drawing on longitudinal household and qualitative community data, the authors examine the impact of shocks on household living standards, study the correlates of participation in groups and formal and informal networks, and discuss the relationship of networks with access to other forms of capital. In this context, they assess how one form of collective action, iddir, or burial societies, help households attenuate the impact of illness. They find that iddir effectively deal with problems of asymmetric information by restricting membership geographically, imposing a membership fee, and conducting checks on how the funds were spent....

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Burial societies; Shocks; Vulnerability; Poverty; Networks; Ethiopia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44356

COMÉRCIO JUSTO INTERNACIONAL: O CASO DO SUCO DE LARANJA ENTRE O BRASIL E A FRANÇA

Machado, Melise Dantas; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando; Lambert, Annie.

This paper is a preliminary analysis of the governance structure of the faire trade of orange juice between Brazil and France. Fair trade is an organizational field composed of complex organizational networks that maintain relations of mutual dependence and share the same values system. As fair trade is a subject that has received relatively little study and presents many particularities, an exploratory study was considered appropriate. Primary and secondary data were collected. In the case of the trade of orange juice between Brazil and France, two commercial networks were identified. The integrated network is constituted by professionals who specialize in fair trade, while the certified network includes more conventional commercial organizations, such as...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Governance structures; Networks; Fair trade; Orange juice.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61719

Contractually Stable Networks

Caulier, Jean-Francois; Mauleon, Ana; Vannetelbosch, Vincent.

We develop a theoretical framework that allows us to study which bilateral links and coalition structures are going to emerge at equilibrium. We define the notion of coalitional network to represent a network and a coalition structure, where the network specifies the nature of the relationship each individual has with his coalition members and with individuals outside his coalition. To predict the coalitional networks that are going to emerge at equilibrium we propose the concept of contractual stability which requires that any change made to the coalitional network needs the consent of both the deviating players and their original coalition partners. We show that there always exists a contractually stable coalitional network under the simple majority...

Cournot Competition on a Network of Markets and Firms

Palavras-chave: Networks; Coalition Structures; Contractual Stability; Allocation Rules; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; A14; C70.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52343

Ilkilic, Rahmi.

Suppose markets and firms are connected in a bi-partite network, where firms can only supply to the markets they are connected to. Firms compete a la Cournot and decide how much to supply to each market they have a link with. We assume that markets have linear demand functions and firms have convex quadratic cost functions. We show there exists a unique equilibrium in any given network of firms and markets. We provide a formula which expresses the quantities at an equilibrium as a function of a network centrality measure.

Defining an Agribusiness Strategic Agenda for 2010-2020

Palavras-chave: Cournot Markets; Networks; Nash Equilibrium; Centrality Measures; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C62; C72; D85; L11.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50679

Neves, Marcos Fava; Scare, Roberto Fava.

www.ifama.org

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Networks; Sustainability; Supply chains; Marketing; Agribusiness; Agenda; Agribusiness; Marketing.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93342

Disaggregating Mexican Migrant Networks: The Parts are Greater Than the Whole

Winters, Paul C.; Stecklov, Guy; Davis, Benjamin.

In this paper, we explore the role of social networks in the migration decision focusing on the distinct influence networks have on domestic and international migration. The analysis focuses particular attention on the composition of migrant networks in order to improve our understanding of how network composition influences the migration decision. Using data from rural Mexico, we consider migration in a multiple choice context allowing for the possibility that individuals can migrate within Mexico for agricultural and non-agricultural employment as well as to the United States. Our principle result is that the parts are greater than the whole; using disaggregated measures of social networks highlights the complexity of network effects on migration...

Do Social Relations Affect Economic Welfare? A Microeconomic Empirical Analysis

Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Mexico; Network composition; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12952

Antoni, Giacomo Degli.

Over the last few years, many studies have shown that social networks affect the socioeconomic development. This paper presents evidence, through the Italian microdata representative of the entire Italian population, that the quality and quantity of interpersonal relations of agents can increase their economic welfare. Two proxies of interpersonal relations at an individual level are considered: a proxy for the density and one for the quality of network structure of personal contacts. Both seem to have a positive effect on the level of household economic welfare of agents. This result proves robust to the inclusion of a variety of control variables and to the use of different econometric methods.

EFEITO DO FAIR TRADE NA COOPERATVA DE AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DE CAFÉ DE POÇO FUNDO, MG

Palavras-chave: Networks; Social Interactions; Household Economic Welfare; Microdata; Fuzzy Logic; Labor and Human Capital; D10; Z13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9330

Oliveira, Renato Ferreira de; Araujo, Uajara Pessoa; Santos, Antonio Carlos dos.

Fair trade is a commercial practice that aims to help small farmers in underdeveloped countries through mechanisms that can modify the supply chain. This paper, through exploratory, quantitative and transversal research, tries to investigate this structuring effect of fair trade on the productive nodule of the chain, examining the cohesion caused by this intervention on a small Cooperative of Coffee Family Farmers (organic and conventional SAT-no agro toxic substances used in production) in Poço Fundo in the state of Minas Gerais. The social network and supply chain perspectives, suported by Granovetter’s embeddeness theory, were used to analyze the information surveyed. Although a high degree of cohesion was observed, there were also some hints of...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Fair Trade; Organic coffee; Supply chain; Networks; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60705

Expectations, Experiences, Trust in the Case of Short Circuit Food Supply Networks

Martino, Gaetano; Fritz, Melanie.

Farmers Markets are receiving an increasing attention by both food chains actors and social scientists. Economic and sociological studies are contributing to the comprehension of these forms of exchange. Both consumers and producers are fostering their expectations about the renewal of a mode of exchange which sustained local production‐ consumptions linkages. The main economic function of these organizational structures seems to be the reduction of the price paid by the consumers and the enhancements of allocation of farm products. The basic interpretation of these forms of exchange focuses on market structure, nonetheless the exchange relationships seems to emphasize several dimensions, including economic and cultural aspects. The objective of the paper...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Farmers Markets; Networks; Trust; Food chains sustainability; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D4.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100592

FAMILY AND COMMUNITY NETWORKS IN MEXICO-U.S. MIGRATION

Winters, Paul C.; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth.

A household's decision to send migrants is based on information the household has on the expected returns and the costs of migration. Information on migration flows from both family migrant networks and community migrant networks. Direct assistance - in the form of money, housing, transportation, and food - is often provided to migrants by these networks, thus reducing the costs of migration. Using data from a national survey of rural Mexican households, we show the importance of networks in both the decision to migrate and the level of migration. We find that community and family networks are substitutes in the production of information and assistance suggesting that, once migration is well established in a community, family networks become less...

From Contracts to Networks: New Directions in the Study of Governance of Agro‐Food‐Energy Networks

Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Mexico; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12907

Gender, Networks and Mexico-U.S. Migration

Zylbersztajn, Decio.

The debate about the governance of complex systems of production represents a rich branch of the literature of applied organization theory. The particular application to agro‐related networks is a relevant example since agriculture plays new roles in modern society. The core of the analysis is centered in the rationale for allocation of residual decision rights and distribution of the rights regarding the value created. Contributions based in transaction cost economics, resource‐based view, dynamic competences, and incomplete contract theory explore different dimensions related to the allocation of property rights. The question of how joint strategies are defined, and how value added (or subtracted) is shared among network players is still relevant....

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Governance; Networks; Coordination of production; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100479

Winters, Paul C.; Davis, Benjamin.

In this paper, we examine whether the causes and patterns of Mexican rural female migration differ significantly from rural male migration. A number of hypotheses are discussed to explain why female migration may differ from male migration, with a particular emphasis on the role of migrant networks. Using data from a national survey of rural Mexican households in the ejido sector, significant differences between the determinants of male and female migration are found. While evidence suggests that networks play an important role in female migration, we find that, contrary to case study evidence, female networks are not more influential than male networks in female migration. In fact, female and male networks are found to be substitutes, suggesting they...

How Homophily Affects Learning and Diffusion in Networks

Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Gender; Mexico; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12901

Golub, Benjamin; Jackson, Matthew O..

We examine how three different communication processes operating through social networks are affected by homophily - the tendency of individuals to associate with others similar to themselves. Homophily has no effect if messages are broadcast or sent via shortest paths; only connection density matters. In contrast, homophily substantially slows learning based on repeated averaging of neighbors' information and Markovian diffusion processes such as the Google random surfer model. Indeed, the latter processes are strongly affected by homophily but completely independent of connection density, provided this density exceeds a low threshold. We obtain these results by establishing new results on the spectra of large random graphs and relating the spectra to...

Influencing adaptation processes on the Australian rangelands for social and ecological resilience

Palavras-chave: Networks; Learning; Diffusion; Homophily; Friendships; Social Networks; Random Graphs; Mixing Time; Convergence; Speed of Learning; Speed of Convergence; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D83; D85; I21; J15; Z13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50718

Marshall, Nadine A.; CSIRO, Ecosystem Sciences and Climate Adaptation Flagship; School of Earth and Environment Sciences, James Cook University; nadine.marshall@csiro.au; Stokes, Chris J.; CSIRO, Ecosystem Sciences and Climate Adaptation Flagship; chris.stokes@csiro.au.

Resource users require the capacity to cope and adapt to climate changes affecting resource condition if they, and their industries, are to remain viable. Understanding individual-scale responses to a changing climate will be an important component of designing well-targeted, broad-scale strategies and policies. Because of the interdependencies between people and ecosystems, understanding and supporting resilience of resource-dependent people may be as important an aspect of effective resource management as managing the resilience of ecological components. We refer to the northern Australian rangelands as an example of a system that is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and look for ways to enhance the resilience of the system....

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Livestock industry; Networks; Primary resource industry; Resource dependency; Social resilience; Vulnerability.

Ano: 2014

Innovation systems perspectives on developing-country agriculture: a critical review

Spielman, David J..

Published as Spielman, David J. 2006. A critique of innovation systems perspectives on agricultural research in developing countries. Innovation Strategy Today 2(1): 41-54. Ithaca, NY: bioDevelopments International Institute.; Published as Spielman, David J. 2006. Systems of innovation: models, methods, and future directions. Innovation Strategy Today 2(1): 55-66. Ithaca, NY: bioDevelopments International Institute.

Learning in Support of Governance: Theories, Methods, and a Framework to Assess How Bridging Organizations Contribute to Adaptive Resource Governance

Palavras-chave: Innovation; Agricultural research; Technological innovation; Cooperation; Networks; Game theory; International Development.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59692

Crona, Beatrice I; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Parker, John N; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; parker@nceas.ucsb.edu.

Humanity faces increasingly intractable environmental problems characterized by high uncertainty, complexity, and swift change. Natural resource governance must therefore involve continuous production and use of new knowledge to adapt to highly complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems to ensure long-term sustainable development. Bridging and boundary organizations have been proposed as potentially powerful means of achieving these aims by promoting cooperation among actors from the science, policy, and management sectors. However, despite substantial investments of time, capital, and human resources, little agreement exists about definitions and measures of knowledge production and how this is achieved in bridging organizations and there is...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Bridging organizations; Knowledge utilization; Learning; Networks.

Ano: 2012

Legitimacy, Adaptation, and Resilience in Ecosystem Management

Cosens, Barbara A; University of Idaho College of Law; bcosens@uidaho.edu.

Ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system. In addition, expansion of that effort to social-ecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem management. However, these changes to governance needed to foster ecosystem resilience will not be adopted by democratic societies without careful attention to their effect on the social system itself. Delegation of increased flexibility for adaptive management to resource management agencies must include careful attention to assuring that increased flexibility is exercised in a manner that is...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight

Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem management; Law; Legitimacy; Networks; Policy; Resilience.

Ano: 2013

Marketing via Friends: Strategic Diffusion of Information in Social Networks with Homophily

Chuhay, Roman.

The paper studies the impact of homophily on the optimal strategies of a monopolist, whose marketing campaign of new product relies on a word of mouth communication. Homophily is a tendency of people to interact more with those who are similar to them. In the model there are two types of consumers embedded into a social network, which differ in friendship preferences and desirable design of product. Consumers can learn about the product directly from an advertisement or from their neighbors. The monopolist chooses the product design and price to influence a pattern of communication among consumers. We find a number of results: (i) for low levels of homophily the product attractive to both types of consumers is preferred to specialized products; (ii) the...